In principle, the Japanese education system is based on a structure known as the “6-3-3-4 system.” This signifies six years of primary school, three years of junior high school, three years of senior high school, and four years of university.
1. Compulsory Education (Nine Years)
In Japan, primary school (six years) and junior high school (three years) are compulsory. Children between the ages of 6 and 15 are required to attend school. Almost all students attend public schools, where education is provided free of charge.
2. Senior High School
Although not compulsory, the enrollment rate in senior high school is nearly 100%. Senior high school lasts three years and can be either public or private. To enter, students must take an entrance examination. During these years, students prepare for higher education or employment.
3. University and Technical School
After graduating from senior high school, more than 80% of students continue on to university, junior college, or technical school.
University (4 years): 55%
Junior College (2 years): 4%
Technical School: 25%
Others (e.g., overseas schools or preparatory schools): 1%
Do not continue to further education (enter the workforce): 15%
4. Kindergarten and Nursery School
Although not compulsory, many children attend kindergarten (education-focused) or nursery school (care-focused) before entering primary school. Currently, the government is promoting free early childhood education and care for children aged three and older.
5. School Features
The academic year begins in April and is divided into three terms.
Most schools require uniforms.
Students are responsible for cleaning their classrooms and school facilities.
After school, many students participate in club activities, including sports and cultural groups.
6．Problems Related to Education
Cram-based learning and test-centered evaluation
Mental stress on students and school absenteeism
Overwork among teachers
Delayed response to diversity
Rigid and inflexible curriculum
Educational inequality
Conservatism in the education system and culture